In 1969, Apollo 11, NASA’s mission to land on the moon, was a huge success. Apollo, the name of a Greek God, marked history by proving the possibility of humans reaching the moon. Artemis, the Greek Goddess and the twin sister of Apollo is the name of NASA’s moon exploration mission that started in 2017. This mission has the goal to set a permanent base on the surface of the moon that will facilitate human missions to Mars.
Barack Obama canceled the Constellation program in 2010, but NASA continued working on Orion, which became part of the Artemis lunar mission under Donald Trump. NASA now aims to colonize the moon to support Mars missions.
NASA's Artemis mission prioritizes safety and success. They have designed a spacesuit capable of keeping astronauts alive for 10 days in emergencies, allowing time for a safe return. Every detail of the tests and spacecraft has been meticulously planned.
The Artemis spacecraft includes the Space Launch System (SLS), designed to propel the Orion capsule to the moon. The SLS, powered by four RS-25 engines, each with the thrust of eight F-15 jet engines, is versatile and powerful enough for moon and Mars missions.
Orion's launch abort system, designed to withstand air pressure, ensures astronaut safety during emergencies. The crew module, holding four astronauts, includes a small bathroom. The service module powers the spacecraft with solar arrays, air, and water, taking over after separation.
Artemis I launched on November 16, 2022, to test the spacecraft's impact on human life. It used solid boosters to reach space, carrying three dummies to measure radiation effects. Orion orbited Earth, released satellites, orbited the moon, and returned to Earth, landing in the Pacific Ocean on December 11, 2022.
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Artemis III aims to land humans on the moon to test its surface, using SpaceX's Human Launch System. Artemis IV plans to establish a moon base with crops and solar fields, targeting completion by 2030.